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Top-level domain names or TLDs are the suffixes of Internet domain
names. They consist of the letters, which are after the last dot of a
name. For instance, with the domain name www.EzineArticles.com, the TLD
is "com".
Basically, top-level domains are of three types. The first are the country code top-level domain names
or ccTLDs. These are used by dependent territories or countries. They
are usually made up of two letters such as .uk for the United Kingdom
or .us for The United States.
The next type would be the generic top-level domains or gTLDs. These
are used by a specific class or a specific organization. They are
usually made up of three or more letters. A lot of gTLDs are available
worldwide, however the .mil for military and the .gov for governmental
could only be used by the respective authorities. These gTLDs are also
classified to sTLDs or sponsored top-level domains like .coop and
.aero; and uTLDs or unsponsored top-level domain names like .info and
.pro.
The third type would be the infrastructure top-level domains or iTLDs.
There are also some TLDs that are no longer used are considered
historical. One of which is .nato. This TLD was created by the NIC or
National Informatics Center in the late 1980s to be used by NATO or the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, as they did not feel that were any
existing TLDs at that time that was able to show their international
organization status. After it was, however, the TLD .int was created by
NIC, which could specifically be used by international organizations.
NATO was then convinced to use nato.int as their TLD. The .nato TLD was
eventually deleted in July 1996.
Some other TLDs which are no longer used are .zr for Zaire, .cz for Czechoslovakia and .oz for Australia.
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